BIOMEDICAL LASERS
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Journal of Medical Physics and Applied Sciences is an academic journal and aims to publish most complete and reliable source of information on the discoveries and current developments in the mode of original articles, review articles, case reports, short communications, etc. in all areas of the field and making them freely available through online without any restrictions or any other subscriptions to researchers worldwide. The journal selects the articles to be published with a single bind, peer review system, following the practices of good scholarly journals. It supports the open access policy of making scientific research accessible to one and all.
Lasers have long been used in medicine for surgery, with applications ranging from cauterization of blood vessels to drilling holes through the heart. Now, though, laser-based diagnostic devices are also proliferating in areas such as biomedical imaging and basic biological research. Ultrafast lasers are credited with making many of these applications possible.
Imaging for diagnostics
Perhaps the most spectacular advances are in the relatively new field of optical tomography, which uses ultrashort laser pulses to detect abnormalities within the body, instead of relying on potentially harmful ionizing radiation as other techniques do. The process works efficiently because human tissue is translucent to long-wavelength visible and near-infrared light, as is shown when a hand is held in front of a flashlight. Indeed, at a wavelength of 800 nm, tissue transmits one-third of the radiation over a distance of about 10 cm. Tissue appears opaque because it scatters light strongly, with a scattering length of only about a millimeter.
Making florescence imaging easier
In biological research, an important trend in recent years has been the development of all-solid-state systems that bring high-performance lasers within reach of smaller research laboratories (see "Nanosensor makes bad cells quiver," below). One example of this is fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM). With this technique, short laser pulses in the femtosecond to picosecond range are used to excite fluorescence signals in biological tissues. The decay time of the return signal is measured, allowing the mapping of many biologically important substances such as oxygen and calcium.
Laser surgery, while the oldest application of lasers in medicine, is also expanding in scope. One example is a new technique for relieving the pain of angina by laser-drilling holes in the walls of a heart.3 In the technique, termed transmyocardial laser revascularization, a surgeon uses a carbon dioxide laser to cut 15 to 30 1-mm-diameter holes through the wall of the heart. The outside surface seals immediately, but the channel remains open to provide oxygen-rich blood to previously deprived areas.
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Eliza Miller
Journal of Medical Physics and Applied Sciences
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