Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease is the complete form of GERD. It most usually occurs when the lower esophageal sphincter relaxes to an abnormal degree (a disc-like muscle that is present at the junction between the oesophagus and the stomach). This disc relaxes as food falls down the gullet to allow the food to pass through. This sphincter, however, often weakens greatly beyond its usual limits, making room for acid to flow back into the oesophagus and into the food pipe. This is what 'acid reflux' is called. This disease is caused by many causes, such as consuming certain foods that may be highly acidic in nature, consuming big meals before dinner (or eating very late at night frequently), drinking alcoholic or caffeinated drinks, or taking medicines such as antibiotics (e.g. tetracycline), aspirin, iron supplements, etc. People with asthma are also likely to develop GERD because the weakening of the sphincter also results from asthmatic fits. Any of the drugs prescribed for asthma will positively cause the symptoms of GERD to intensify in order to make matters worse. Also, GERD can also produce asthma or asthma-like conditions in the affected person, just as asthma can give rise to GERD.

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