Menstrual Irregularities

Introduction
  Feminine inconsistencies are normal irregularities of a lady's monthly cycle. Feminine anomalies remember an assortment of conditions for which monthly cycle is sporadic, weighty, agonizing, or doesn't happen by any means.

Common types of menstrual irregularities include:

• Amenorrhea (when a teenager does not get her period by age 16, or when a woman stops getting her period for at least three months and is not pregnant)
• Dysmenorrhea (painful menstrual periods)
• Menorrhagia (heavy menstrual periods)
• Oligomenorrhea (menstrual bleeding occurring more than 35 days after the last menstrual period, that is, less than 10 periods a year)
• Polymenorrhea (menstrual bleeding occurring less than 21 days after the last menstrual period, that is, more than 12 periods a year)
• Spotting (light irregular vaginal bleeding or vaginal bleeding between periods)

  Menstrual irregularities or their symptoms, such as abnormal vaginal bleeding, can be caused by a wide variety of abnormal conditions, including pregnancy, hormonal imbalances or changes, infection (sexually transmitted diseases and other infections), malignancy (cervical, uterine or vaginal cancer), trauma, and certain medications.

Causes

What causes menstrual irregularities?

   Menstrual irregularities can be associated with normal conditions, such as puberty or ovulation. Your menstrual period may last for just a few days or for more than a week. A normal menstrual flow can differ greatly from woman to woman and also varies in different phases of life, such as adolescence and perimenopause. Menstrual irregularities can be caused by a mild or moderate condition, such as stress or uterine fibroids.

Symptoms
    A menstrual cycle lasts around 28 days, but it can vary from 24 days to 35 days, depending on the individual. Most women have between 11 and 13 menstrual periods each year. Bleeding usually lasts around 5 days, but this too can vary, from 2 to 7 days.

  When menstruation first starts, it can take up to 2 years to establish a regular cycle. After puberty, most women’s menstruation is regular. The length of time between each period is similar. However, for some women, the time between periods and the amount of blood shed vary considerably. This is known as irregular menstruation.

  The main symptom of irregular menstruation is when the cycle is longer than 35 days, or if it varies in length. If there are changes in blood flow, or if clots appear that are more than 2.5 cm in diameter, this is also considered irregular.

Treatment
Puberty and menopause: Irregular periods that occur during puberty or as the woman approaches menopause do not usually need treatment.

Birth control: If irregular bleeding is due to contraception, and it continues for several months, the woman should talk to a health care professional about other options.

PCOS and obesity: In cases of PCOS, overweight, or obesity losing weight may help stabilize menstruation. A lower weight means the body does not need to produce so much insulin. This leads to lower testosterone levels and a better chance of ovulating.

Stress and eating disorders: Psychological therapy may help if emotional stress, an eating disorder, or sudden weight loss have triggered irregular periods. This may include relaxation techniques, stress management, and talking to a therapist.

Journal of Women’s Health and Reproductive Medicine is an interdisciplinary journal that explores clinical, medical, social and economic aspects of female reproductive health and medication worldwide.

Authors can submit manuscript as an e-mail attachment to the Editorial Office at https://www.imedpub.com/submissions/womens-health-reproductive-medicine.html

Media Contact
John Kimberly
Associate Managing Editor
Journal of Women’s Health and Reproductive Medicine
Email: womenshealth@emedscholar.com