Physics of Digital Mammography

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Journal of Medical Physics and Applied Sciences is an academic journal and aims to publish most complete and reliable source of information on the discoveries and current developments in the mode of original articles, review articles, case reports, short communications, etc. in all areas of the field and making them freely available through online without any restrictions or any other subscriptions to researchers worldwide. The journal selects the articles to be published with a single bind, peer review system, following the practices of good scholarly journals. It supports the open access policy of making scientific research accessible to one and all. 

Mammography is one of the most demanding madiobogic techniques, requiring simultaneously excellent spatial resolution to allow visibility of micmocalcifications and good contrast sensitivity to allow detection of subtle tumors. The latitude of the image-recording system must be adequate to record information faithfully over a wide range of intensities, comnesponding to regions in the breast near the skin, where theme is little attenuation, and to the dense, thicker regions near the chest wall. Finally, because the breast is one of the more radiosensitive sites in the body, the examination must be done at the lowest radiation dose compatible with the required image quality. Many physical factors affect the quality of the mammographic image, including scattered radiation, noise, and compression of the breast. In addition, both image quality and radiation dose in mammography depend critically on image processing. This tutorial reviews these factors and describes the image receptors used for mammography and how they are optimized for that purpose. Methods for quality control and future techniques that may further enhance the value of mammography are also presented.

The ultimate goal of x-ray mammography is to produce detailed images of the internal structures of the breast to permit the earlier detection of breast cancer. Because fine detail is needed, the process requires images with high spatial resolution. Because the inherent x-ray attenuation differences (tissue contrast) between normal and diseased breast tissues is so small, high-quality mammography requires the ability to enhance those differences and provide high-contrast resolution. Producing such images involves a complex interaction of many interrelated factors. Every component of the imaging sequence influences the resulting image and can affect the ability to detect early breast cancer. Ultimately, the image is formed by the detector, and it is the requirements of the detector that dictate the imaging parameters. Film/screen combinations, for example, require sufficient exposure to be certain that when the image is processed, the resulting picture will be optimized for viewing on a view box. This has inherent disadvantages because the characteristics of the film as a viewing medium dictate the various components of the imaging sequence and the exposure values. The development of digital mammography permits greater optimization of the exposure parameters because image generation and viewing is independent of exposure.

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Journal of Medical Physics and Applied Sciences

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