TCP/IP, or the Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol, is a suite of communication protocols used to interconnect network devices on the internet. TCP/IP can also be used as a communications protocol in a private computer network (an intranet or an extranet).

The entire Internet Protocol suite -- a set of rules and procedures -- is commonly referred to as TCP/IP. TCP and IP are the two main protocols, though others are included in the suite. The TCP/IP protocol suite functions as an abstraction layer between internet applications and the routing/switching fabric.

TCP/IP specifies how data is exchanged over the internet by providing end-to-end communications that identify how it should be broken into packets, addressed, transmitted, routed and received at the destination. TCP/IP requires little central management, and it is designed to make networks reliable, with the ability to recover automatically from the failure of any device on the network.

The two main protocols in the Internet Protocol suite serve specific functions. TCP defines how applications can create channels of communication across a network. It also manages how a message is assembled into smaller packets before they are then transmitted over the internet and reassembled in the right order at the destination address.

IP defines how to address and route each packet to make sure it reaches the right destination. Each gateway computer on the network checks this IP address to determine where to forward the message.

A subnet mask is what tells a computer, or other network device, what portion of the IP address is used to represent the network and what part is used to represent hosts (other computers) on the network.

A Network Address Translator (NAT) is the virtualization of Internet Protocol addresses. NAT helps improve security and decrease the number of IP addresses an organization needs.

Common protocols of TCP/IP include the following:

HTTP (Hyper Text Transfer Protocol) handles the communication between a web server and a web browser.

HTTPS (Secure HTTP) handles secure communication between a web server and a web browser.

FTP (File Transfer Protocol) handles transmission of files between computers.

Importance of TCP/IP

TCP/IP is nonproprietary and, as a result, is not controlled by any single company. Therefore, the Internet Protocol suite can be modified easily. It is compatible with all operating systems, so it can communicate with any other system. The Internet Protocol suite is also compatible with all types of computer hardware and networks

TCP/IP is highly scalable and, as a routable protocol, can determine the most efficient path through the network. It is widely used in current internet architecture.

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