Water assets are regular assets of water that are possibly valuable. Employments of water incorporate rural, modern, family unit, recreational and natural exercises. All living things expect water to develop and recreate.

97% of the water on the Earth is salt water and just three percent is new water; somewhat more than 66% of this is solidified in ice sheets and polar ice caps. The excess thawed freshwater is found primarily as groundwater, with just a little portion present over the ground or in the air.

New water is a sustainable asset, yet the world's flexibly of groundwater is consistently diminishing, with exhaustion happening most unmistakably in Asia, South America and North America, despite the fact that it is as yet indistinct how much common reestablishment adjusts this use, and whether biological systems are threatened. The structure for apportioning water assets to water clients (where such a system exists) is known as water rights.

Surface water is water in a river, lake or fresh water wetland. Surface water is naturally replenished by precipitation and naturally lost through discharge to the oceans, evaporation, evapotranspiration and groundwater recharge.

Although the only natural input to any surface water system is precipitation within its watershed, the total quantity of water in that system at any given time is also dependent on many other factors. These factors include storage capacity in lakes, wetlands and artificial reservoirs, the permeability of the soil beneath these storage bodies, the runoff characteristics of the land in the watershed, the timing of the precipitation and local evaporation rates. All of these factors also affect the proportions of water loss.

Human activities can have a large and sometimes devastating impact on these factors. Humans often increase storage capacity by constructing reservoirs and decrease it by draining wetlands. Humans often increase runoff quantities and velocities by paving areas and channelizing the stream flow.

The total quantity of water available at any given time is an important consideration. Some human water users have an intermittent need for water. For example, many farms require large quantities of water in the spring, and no water at all in the winter. To supply such a farm with water, a surface water system may require a large storage capacity to collect water throughout the year and release it in a short period of time. Other users have a continuous need for water, such as a power plant that requires water for cooling. To supply such a power plant with water, a surface water system only needs enough storage capacity to fill in when average stream flow is below the power plant's need.

Nevertheless, over the long term the average rate of precipitation within a watershed is the upper bound for average consumption of natural surface water from that watershed.

Natural surface water can be augmented by importing surface water from another watershed through a canal or pipeline. It can also be artificially augmented from any of the other sources listed here, however in practice the quantities are negligible. Humans can also cause surface water to be "lost" (i.e. become unusable) through pollution.

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Regards               
Meria Den           
Managing Editor      
Journal of Environmental Research